【趙克生】清代家禮一包養價格書與家禮新變化

[Keywords] Qing Dynasty Family Gifts  Family Gifts Books Family Gifts Editing  Family Gifts Changes

Introduction

The “Three Gifts” discussions conducted by Qianlong and Jiaqing scholars occupy the glory of the Qing Dynasty. The once vigorous development of Song and Ming Family Gifts seemed to suddenly disappear and disappeared without any news. Taiwanese scholar Zhang Li’an thus proposed the “Travel of Ming and Qing dynasties”, that is, the transformation from the Ming Dynasty’s family gift to the Qing Dynasty’s gift, from the “private notes” family gift to the Qing Dynasty’s “classics as rules” family gifts in the Ming Dynasty. [1] There are at most two omissions in Zhang’s “transformation statement”: (1) Comparison is different. Baoqing WebmasterThe development of gifts after the Song Dynasty clearly showed a trend of dual and advanced. First, the continuation of traditional learning, and the continuous emergence of gifts of the types of commentary and examinations; first, the widespread spread of family gifts and profound and closeness. This was the great contribution of the Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty, “to reduce the ‘tradition’ from the traditional Chinese and Tang Scriptures, and give them the meaning of communicating the way of elementary school and big school” [2]. In the Ming Dynasty, the compilation and practice of family gifts were even more prosperous, and the number of gift works was no less than that of family gifts. This was confirmed by the works of the “Article” in the general journal of various provinces in the Qing Dynasty. A family gift with two cars has different academic characteristics and a gift, and a family gift is easyThe guide to the recent public is that the work of a few scholars is not only very different from the family gifts in different historical periods, but even the two cannot be compared and discussed in the unified period. Even the work of a unified person is completely different from his works. For example, Jiang Yong in the Qing Dynasty was a master of Qianjiajiajiao academics. “After Kangcheng, he rarely had a good fortune.” He and his students Dai Zhen and Jinbang were both deep in tribute studies and were representative figures in tribute studies in the Qing Dynasty. In addition to the ceremony, Jiang Yong also wrote a family gift book called “The From the Good (Marriage) Gifts”, which in contrast to the Qianjiajia tribute learning “taking classics as rules” and “respecting ancient and respecting kings”, and advocated “from the customs to the right people” and did not become “the gifts of the past and the feelings of the ancients.” [3] It is not that Jiang Yong conflicts with each other, but actually the differences between family gifts and gifts, and the internal scientific requests must be different. Zhang Li’an ignored the difference between the two and compared them hard, and the result was inappropriate. What she had to do might be to compare the Ming and Qing family gifts and Ming and Qing dynasties, and then summarize the problem of the Ming and Qing dynasties’ transformation of the Ming and Qing dynasties. (2) Ignore the inheritance and development of the two generations of family gifts in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Zhang focused on the Qianlong and Jiaqing gifts but did not systematically evaluate the historical status of family gifts in the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, it is impossible to judge whether family gifts in the Qing Dynasty declined and even the tradition of family gifts in the Song and Ming dynasties appeared to be broken? If not, the family gifts in the Ming and Qing dynasties should have inheritance and development, and there will be no situation where the gifts will replace the family gifts or the decline of the family gifts will be unrivaled. In other words, the gifts in the Qing Dynasty were still in two ways. In fact, the compilation and publicity of the Qing Dynasty’s family gifts was very lively in society, but the academic aspects of the Qianlong and Jiajia periods were even more influential.

As aroused by the influence of the academic thoughts in the Qing Dynasty, the academic community paid little attention to the Qing Dynasty’s family gifts, including Zhou Qirong, Shang Wei and others who were specialized in the Qing Dynasty’s gifts. Obviously, the Qing Dynasty gifts without family gifts are incomplete. Without systematic assessment of the Qing Dynasty family gifts, we cannot understand the historical relationship between the Ming and Qing dynasties, as well as the clan development and basic education of the Qing society. Therefore, based on the reflection on the “Travel of Ming and Qing dynasties”, the author made a preliminary discussion on the new changes in family gifts and family gifts in the Qing Dynasty, waiting for the discussion on the bricks to lead students to more and more profound discussions on family gifts in the Qing Dynasty.

1. Family gifts in the Qing Dynasty and their compositions

Family gifts, which mainly include crowns, marriages, ceremonies, sacrifices, and meetings, have social effectiveness such as teaching and customs, and are both the “governance” of Confucian politics, and are also the career guide for scholars and ordinary families. Both officials and ordinary people cannot give up. Although there was a rebellious Ming and Qing dynasty when the sky collapsed and the earth collapsed, the family traditions from the Song and Ming dynasties were still the same. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, “Yuan Zhuan’s Reason” spent on Zhu Zi’s “Family Gift”, which had the meaning of showing the whole country. The authority of expressing the power of “Family Gift” was established in the Qing Dynasty and becameThe blue book or main reference for the official editor’s letter.

After the Qing Dynasty, family books in various places were spread out, whether it was a big town or a village or a town. How many kinds of gift books are there? Despite the lack of literature, it is difficult to estimate now that some scholars have tried to make a statistical plan. Dr. He Shuyi listed 23 family gifts and funeral gifts that were published in the Qing Dynasty [1]. The “Three Gifts Research and Presentation” taught by Wang Cheng mentioned about 17 types of family gifts in the Qing Dynasty in the “Travels” department. In addition to the four revived in the two constitutions, it is a total of 36 family gifts, and these published gifts can only be a small part of the total gift books. For a fair budget, the author finds a different approach. He first conducts a detailed and detailed plan for the family gift books in Hunan in the Qing Dynasty. The “Serial No.

Book Name

Compiler

Data Source

1

Family Tribute (Five Volumes)

Li Wenzhao

Guangsheng “Hunan Tongzhi” Volume 24 6 “Artist”

2

Four gifts are appropriate

Zhang Can

Guangchang “Xiangtan County Chronicles” Volume 10 “Artist”

3

Officials’ Earnings

Li Ruyan et al.

Yongzheng’s “Yongxi County Chronicles” Volume 5 “Traveling Scholars”

4

From IKEA (Nine Volumes)

Huang Yizhong

Guang Chang’s “Hunan Tongzhi” Volume 246 “Artist”

5

Family gifts

Pan Rongsheng et al.

“Ning Township Pan Family Reconstruction Religion”, a wooden movable type version of the 50th year of Qianlong

6

Four gifts are from Yi

Yang Xi

Yang Xi: “Sizhitang Collection” Volume 2 1 “Preface to the Four Gifts”

7

Family gifts must be learned

The principle of literature

Guangying “Hunan Tongzhi” Volume 246 “Artist”

8

Family gifts

Editor Zhang Hao

Volume 184 “People’s Records 25”

9

Family gifts compilation

Luo Xin read

Tong